New research supports the existence of a partially molten layer in the lunar mantle, transforming our perspective on the moon's geology.
A recent research and study by Sander Goossens and associates, was published in AGU Advances, provides evidence for the presence of a partially liquid layer between the metallic core and solid olivine mantle of the moon. This finding is significant for understanding the moon's structure and evolution.
The study of tidal effects on the moon reveals that it experiences gravitational distortions from both Earth and the sun, similar to the forces affecting Earth's oceans. These tidal forces warp the moon's shape and gravitational field, revealing clues about its deep interior structure.
While previous studies focused on monthly gravity changes, Goossens' team utilized data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to capture annual variations for the first time.
The scientists created a model of the moon's interior by combining monthly and annual gravity fluctuations with further information, such as the typical density of the moon. They came to the conclusion that in order to reproduce the observed gravity measurements, a soft layer at the base of the mantle is necessary, which suggests that a partially molten layer is probably there.
The researchers propose that this layer could be made up of ilmenite, a mineral rich in titanium. Further investigation is required to fully understand this layer and to identify the heat source that has maintained these melts for billions of years. This discovery could reshape our understanding of the moon's geological history and dynamics.
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